The striped beard croaker typically grows up to 30 centimeters in length, with a deep, oval-shaped body that tapers towards the tail. Its most defining feature is the series of dark, vertical to slightly oblique stripes running along its silvery-gray to brownish back, which contrast sharply against the lighter ventral side. The name "beard croaker" stems from the small, bristle-like barbels around its mouth, aiding in detecting prey on the seabed. Large, round eyes and a terminal mouth equipped with sharp teeth enable it to efficiently hunt for crustaceans, mollusks, and small fish. Juveniles often exhibit more vivid stripes and a slimmer profile, which become less pronounced as they mature.

Inhabiting rocky reefs, estuaries, and sandy-muddy bottoms at depths ranging from 10 to 80 meters, Hapalogenys nitens is a benthic feeder that actively forages during both day and night. It prefers areas with abundant cover, such as artificial reefs or submerged structures, where it can ambush prey and seek protection from larger predators. During the breeding season, typically in spring and summer, adults migrate to shallower waters to spawn. The eggs are pelagic and drift with the currents until hatching, after which the larvae gradually move towards coastal habitats.

Commercially, the striped beard croaker is highly valued for its tender, white flesh, making it a sought-after catch in local fisheries across China, Japan, and Korea. However, its populations face increasing pressure from overfishing and habitat degradation due to coastal development and pollution. As a species that plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nearshore ecosystems, conservation measures such as establishing marine protected areas, implementing fishing quotas, and promoting sustainable aquaculture practices are essential. Preserving Hapalogenys nitens not only safeguards a valuable fishery resource but also contributes to the health and resilience of the northwestern Pacific's coastal marine environments.